Bibiliography on gender and ICT4D

Submitted by shuyer on Fri, 2008-04-04 11:51.

References:

Will technology propagate or curb violence against women? 2005. Yemen Times. Issue: (818), Volume 13. 21 February to 23 February. http://yementimes.com/article.shtml?i=818&p=community&a=2. [Accessed February 24, 2005.]

Abirafeh, L. 2003. Afghan women: one year later-creating digital opportunities for Afghan women. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/afghanistan/sdm/previewDocument.do~activeDocumentId=427801. [Accessed 9 November 2004].

African Information Society-Gender Working Group, 1999. Engendering ICT policy: guidelines for action, Johannesburg.

Akintola, Olagoke. 2004. Gendered Analysis of Burden of Care on Home and Volunteer Caregivers in Uganda and South Africa. Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. http://www.comminit.com/strategicthinking/st2005/thinking-1128.html [ Accessed April 26, 2005].
Al-Saggaf, Yeslam. 2004. The Effect of Online Community on Offline Community in Saudi Arabia. EJISDC 16, 2, 1-16.

Al-Saggaf, Yeslam & Kirsty Williamson. 2004. Online Communities in Saudi Arabia: Evaluating the Impact on Culture Through Online Semi-Structured Interviews. Forum: Qualitative Social Research. Volume 5, No. 3, Art. 24 September.

American Association of University Women (AAUW) Education Foundation Commission on Technology, Gender and Teacher Education. 2000. Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the New Computer Age. Washington, DC: AAUW Educational Foundation.

AMARC- World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters. 2001. Women Online training kit. http://www.amarc.org/wol/English/intro-en.htm [Accessed 19 March 2005].

Aminuzzaman, M. 2002. Cellular Phones in Rural Bangladesh: A Study of the Village Pay Phone of Grameen Bank. University of Dhaka. Unpublished.

Angelina, P. 2004. Studying the role of ICT and gender in teleworking. The Star Online. April 15. http://star-techcentral.com/tech/story.asp?file=/2004/4/15/itfeature/7708431&sec=technology. {Accessed January 10, 2005.}

Asian Women’s Resource Exchange. 2001. I on the Mouse. ICTs for Women’s Advocacies and Networking in Asia and the Pacific. Manila: AWORC.

Association for Progressive Communication. 2003. APC Africa Hafkin Prize 2001: News from last year's Hafkin Prize winner - the Bayanloco Computer Learning Centre in rural Nigeria. http://www.apc.org/english/news/index.shtml?x=7842

Association for Progressive Communication. 2003. APC Africa Strategy Development Meeting Report. IDRC. http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-9517-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html. [Accessed 31 January 2005].

Association for Progressive Communications Women’s Network Support Programme. 2004. The first ‘free software’ workshop run for women by women in the world? Southern African women do it! http://www.genderit.org/en/index.shtml?apc=i90515-e--1#Resources.

Association for Progressive Communications Women’s Network Support Programme. 2005. Strategic Use and FOSS. http://www.genderit.org/en/index.shtml?apc=i90515-e--1.

Association for Progressive Communications. 2005. Cultural Diversity and Language. http://www.genderit.org/en/index.shtml?apc=i9050490914e--1 [Accessed 17 March 2005].

Balaji, V., K. G. Rajamohan, R. Rajasekara Pandy, and S. Senthilkumaran, 2004. Toward a Knowledge System for Sustainable Food Security: The information village experiment in Pondicherry http://www.isoc.org/oti/articles/0401/balaji.html. [Accessed 9 November 2004].

Barry, Idrissa. 2005. Pressions sur les filles des cybercafés. L’Evénement. January 29. http://www.lefaso.net/article.php3?id_article=5738. [Accessed March 21, 2005.]

Batchelor, S & Sugden, S. October 2003. An Analysis of infoDev Case Studies: Lessons Learned.

Batchelor, Simon and Nigel Scott, 2001. The Role of ICTs in the Development of Sustainable Livelihoods: A set of Tables. http://www.sustainableicts.org/livelihoods.htm. [Accessed 10 February 2005].

Beardon, Hannah, with Fred Munyampeta, Subrat Rout and Grace Maiso Williams. 2004. ICT for development: empowerment or exploitation? Learning from the Reflect ICTs project. http://217.206.205.24/Initiatives/ict/resources/publication1.pdf [Accessed 28 February 2005].

Benamrane, Djilali. 2000. Rural Communication: A Strategic Link for Poverty Alleviation in Niger. FAO Frist International Workshop on Farm Radio Broadcasting. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x67213/x6721321.htm. [Accessed 8 August 2001].

Benjamin, Peter. 2001. The Gaseleka Telecentre, Northern Province, South Africa. In Latchem and Walker Telecenters: Case Studies and Key Issues. www.col.org/telecentres/chapter%2007.pdf [Accessed 17 March 2005]

Besemer, Hugo, Chris Addison & Julie Ferguson. 2003. Fertile Founds: Opportunities for greater coherence in agricultural information systems. The Hague: International Institute for Communication and Development. http://www.ftpiicd.org/files/research/reports/report19.pdf [Accessed 27 March 2005].

Bhat, Subodh. Understanding High-tech Entrepreneurship in India. 2005.

BBC. Bangladesh mobile phone protest. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4351237.stm [Accessed 17 March 2005].

Campion, Patricia and Wesley Shrum. 2004. Gender and Science in Developing Areas. Science, Technology, and Human Values, 28 (4). (forthcoming)

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). 1999. CIDA's Policy on Gender Equality. Ottawa.

Canadian International Dvelopment Agency (CIDA). 2004. Best Practices in Gender and Equality in Asia and the Pacific. Ottawa.

Chandramohan, Namrata Bali. 2003. SEWA experiences on ICT. Forum on ICTs and Gender: Optimizing Opportunities, Kuala Lumpur. http://www.globalknowledge.org/gender2003/ [Accessed 24 March 2005].

Civil Society Working Group. 2003. Seven Musts: Priority Issues for Gender Equality in the WSIS Process. Presentation to the Commission on the Status of Women. http://ngo-wsis.genderit.org/CSW/musthaves.htm.

Cicco, Gabriela de. 2004. Mujeres y TICs: una interaccion en crecimiento en nuestra region. Submitted to Associacion para los Derechos de la Mujer y el Desarrallo. Enlaces de AWID. 20 January. http://lists.apc.org/public/derechos.lac.boletin/2004-February/000019.html. [Accessed 14 January 2005].

Comfort, Kazanka, Lydia Goje and Kachong Funmilola. Relevance and Priorities of ICT for Women in Rural Communities: A Case Study from Nigeria. 2003. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. August/September, 24-25.

Commission of the European Communities. 2005. eInclusion revisited: The Local Dimension of the Information Society. Brussels. http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/news/2005/feb/einclusion_en.html. [Accessed March 29, 2005.]

Commission on Technology, Gender and Teacher Education. 2000. Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the New Computer Age. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women.

Commonwealth of Learning. 1999. Identifying Barriers Encountered by Women in the Use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) for Open and Distance Learning in the Caribbean. Summary Report of a workshop held in Bridgetown, Barbados.

Daly, John A. 2003, ICT, Gender Equality and Empowering Women. In essay series on Information and Communications Technology Applied to the Millennium Development Goals. http://topics.developmentgateway.org/ict/sdm/previewDocument.do~activeDocumentId=840982. [Accessed 14 January 2005].

Djinadou, Alice Kouboura Igue, 2004. Benin: Internet for women civil servants. http://ictupdate.cta.int/index.php/article/articleview/375/1/69/. [Accessed 9 November 2004].

DOT-COM Alliance. 2005. Mali: Selected Snapshots of the 12,000 CLIC Clients. http://www.dot-com-alliance.org/newsletter/article.php?article_id=113. [Accessed April 14, 2005].

Elder, Laurent. 2000. What a Difference IT makes . . . http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-9481-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.

Economic and Social Council, United Nations (ECOSOC). 2004. Promoting the application of science and technology to meet the Development Goals contained in the Millennium Declaration. Report of the Secretary-General to the Seventh Session of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development, 24-28 May.

The Economist. Economist Intelligence Unit. 2000. Amelia: Content, community and commerce for Brazil's women shoppers. http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?doc_id=1387&layout=rich_story [Accessed 13 March 2005]
Emerson, Carolyn J., F. Mary Williams Susan Sherk. 2001. Best Practices for the Retention of Women Engineers and Scientists in the Oil and Gas Sector. A Report from New Frontiers, New Traditions A National Conference for the Advancement of Women in Engineering, Science & Technology July 6-8, 2000, St. John's, Newfoundland.

Etta, Florence. 2004. ICT Policy and Governance: Challenges and Opportunities for Women. Presentation at the conference Women and ICT: Challenges and Opportunities on the Road to Tunis, 20 – 22 October. Ngurdoto Mountain Lodge, Arusha, Tanzania.

Evans, Karen. 1995. Barriers to Participation of Women in Technological Eucation and the Role of Distance Education. The Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/barriers.htm. [Accessed September 24, 2002.]

Farrell, Glen M. editor. 2004. ICT and Literacy: who benefits? Experience from Zambia and India. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/Consultancies/04Literacy.htm. [Accessed 1 November 2004].

FemLINKpacific, 2005. Volunteers take community radio to Fiji women. http://www.digitaldivide.net/articles/view.php?ArticleID=123. [Accessed 27 March 2005].

Fontaine, Mary and Dennis Foote. 1999. Ghana: Networking for Local Development: How you can use a computer without owning one? Techknowlogia. Sept./Oct. 1999. http://ict.aed.org/infocenter/pdfs/ghana.pdf.

Fontaine, Mary. 2002. ICT for All: Are Women Included? TechKnowLogia, (July - September 2002). http://www.techknowlogia.org/TKL_active_pages2/CurrentArticles/main.asp?FileType=HTML&ArticleID=424.
FAO. 1999. Voice for Change: women and communication. http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/X2550E/X2550E00.htm [Accessed April 5, 2005.]

Friedman, Elisabeth Jay. 2004. The reality of virtual reality: the internet’s impact with gender equality advocacy communities in Latin America. http://www.ssrc.org/programs/itic/publications/friedman.pdf [Accessed 18 February 2005].

Garba, Salamatu. 2004. Impact of Rural Radio Programmes on The Lives of Hard to Reach Women. www.wofan.org/documents.php. [Accessed 30 March 2005].

Gajjala, Radkhika. 2002. "Cyberfeminist technological practices: Exploring possibilities for a women-centered design of technological environments." Background Paper prepared for the INSTRAW Virtual Seminars, June 1 – September 18. http://www.un-instraw.org. [Accessed April 5, 2005.]

Gaster, Polly. 2003. Promoting ICT Use by Women: Some Experiences from Two Districts of Mozambique. Presentation at Forum on ICTs and Gender: Optimizing Opportunities, Kuala Lumpur.

Gerster, Richard and Sonja Zimmermann. 2005. Up-scaling Pro-poor ICT-Policies and Practices: A review of Experience with Emphasis on Low Income Countries in Asia and Africa. Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Agency for Development and cooperation and M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation. http://www.gersterconsulting.ch/docs/Upscaling_ProPoor_ICTPolicies_Practices.pdf [Accessed 13 March 2005].

Ghosh, Jhulan and Jhumpa Ghosh Roy. 2004. Nabanna: Empowering woman. I4Donline. http://www.i4donline.net/issue/may04/empowering_woman.htm. [Accessed 24 March 2005].

Global Knowledge Partnership. 2003. Youth, Poverty, Gender: ICT for Development Success Stories. http://www.globalknowledge.org/gkps_portal/index.cfm?menuid=201&parentid=179. [Accessed 24 February 2005].

Gillwald, Allison. 1999. Telecommunication Policy and Regulation for Women in Development. Paper presented to International Telecommunication Union Telcom ’99 Development Summit. http://link.wits.ac.za/research/telecom.doc.

Glover, Judith. 2001. Targeting Women: Policy Issues Relating to Women’s Representation in Professional Scientific Employment. Policy Studies, Vol. 22. No.2.

Glover, J. & Fielding, J. 1999. Women and the sciences in Britain: getting in? Journal of Education and Work, 12(1), pp. 57–73.

Grabosky, P.N. 2000. Computer Crime: A Criminological Overview. Paper presented at the tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Vienna.

Green, Lyndsay. 2004. Gender-based Issues and Trends in ICT Applications in Education in Asia and the Pacific. www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ict/Metasurvey/2Regional29.pdf. [Accessed 14 March 2005].

Green, Lyndsay and Lawry Trevor-Deutsch. 2002. Women and ICTs for Open and Distance Learning: Some Experiences and Strategies from the Commonwealth. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/wdd/Women%20and%20ICTs.pdf. [Accessed 14 March 2005].

Greenspan, Robyn. 2003a. Europe, U.S. on Different Sides of the Gender Divide. ClickZ Stats. October 21. http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/demographics/article.php/5901_3095681#table2. [Accessed March 28, 2005.]

Greenspan, Robyn. 2003b. Socializing Surfers Shop for Friends, Dates. November 26, 2003. ClickZ Stats. http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/traffic_patterns/article.php/5931_3114251#table4. [Accessed March 28, 2005.]

Greenspan, Robyn. 2004a. Girl Gamers Grow Up. ClickZ Stats. February 12. http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/demographics/article.php/3312301. [Accessed March 28, 2005.]

Greenspan, Robyn. 2004b. Moms Find Time Online. ClickZ Stats. May 7. http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/demographics/article.php/3351331#table1. [Accessed March 28, 2005.]

_________. 2004c. Online Gaming Revenue to Quadruple. ClickZ Stats. September 7. http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/software/article.php/3403931#table. [Accessed March 28, 2005.]

Gurumurthy, Anita. 2005. A Gender Perspective to ICTs and Development: Reflections towards Tunis. http://www.worldsummit2005.org/. [Accessed January 19, 2005.]

Gurumurthy, Anita. 2004. Gender and ICTs: Overview Report. Brighton: University of Sussex,Institute of Development Studies. www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/cep-icts-or.pdf .[Accessed 29 January 2005].

Gurumurthy, Anita. 2003. Bridging the Digital Gender Divide. Issues and Insights on ICT for Women’s Economic Empowerment. United Nations Development Fund for Women and Confederation of Indian Industry. www.unifem.org.in/bridging_the_gender/Contents.pdf [Accessed 31 March 2005].

Gurumurthy, Anita and Sarkar, R. 2003. ‘Poverty alleviation through telecentre initiatives.’ Bangalore: IT for Change. http://www.itforchange.net/resources/Pat.htm [Accessed 9 November 2004].

Gwynne, Peter. 2003. Women in Science: Shattering the Glass Ceiling. Science. 7 February. http://recruit.sciencemag.org/feature/advice/foc_02_07_03.shl. [Accessed February 19, 2003.]

Hafkin, Nancy and Nancy Taggart. 2001. Gender, information technology and developing countries. Washington, D.C. Academy for Educational Development. http://learnlink.aed.org/Publications/Gender_Book/Home.htm [Accessed 24 February 2005].

Hafkin, Nancy. 2002a. Gender issues in ICT policy in developing countries: an overview. Paper presented to United Nations Department for the Advancement of Women Expert Group Meeting on information and communication technologies and their impact on and use as an instrument for the advancement and empowerment of women. Seoul, Republic of Korea, November 2002. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/ict2002/reports/Paper-NHafkin.PDF

Hafkin, Nancy. 2002b. Are ICTs Gender Neutral? A Gender Analysis of Six Case Studies of Multi-Donor ICT projects. http://www.un-instraw.org/en/docs/gender_and_ict/Hafkin.pdf. [Accessed 25 March 2005].

Hafkin, Nancy. 2003, unpublished. From a Gender Perspective: Review of World Bank ICT sectoral projects.

Hafkin, Nancy and Helen Hambly. 2002. Gender, ICTs and Agriculture: A Situation Analysis for the 5th Consultative Expert Meeting of CTA’s ICT Observatory meeting on Gender and Agriculture in the Information Society. http://www.agricta.org/observatory2002/background_paper.pdf. [Accessed 14 March 2005].

Hafkin, Nancy and Sonia Jorge. 2003. Gender Equality in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Unpublished draft, compiled for the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women.

Harcourt, Wendy. 1999. Women@Internet: Creating new cultures in cyberspace. London: Zed Books.

Hermida, Alfred. 2002. Web gives a voice to Iranian women. BBC News Online. 17 June. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2044802.stm. [Accessed February 7, 2005.]

Hijab, Nadia. 2001. People’s Initiatives to Use IT for Development. Background paper for United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report (2001), pp.18-19. http://hdr.undp.org/docs/publications/background_papers/hijab_doc. [Accessed 10 August 2002].

Hill, Kimberly. 2005. Why Women Leave I.T. NewsFactor Network. March 9. http://www.newsfactor.com/story.xhtml?story_title=Why_Women_Leave_I_T_&story_id=31000#story-start. [Accessed March 15, 2005.]

Hughes, Donna M. 1999. Pimps and Predators on the Internet: Globalizing Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children. The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, 1999. http://www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/pprep.htm. [Accessed March 24, 2005.]

Huyer, Sophia. 2004. Gender Equality and Science and Technology Policy Knowledge and Policy at the International Level / S&T for Gender Equality and Social Development. Gender Advisory Board of the United Nations Commission of Science and Technology for Development, Canada/ Office of Education, Science and Technology, Organisation of American States (OAS). http://www.science.oas.org/english/ev_ini_e.htm. [Accessed March 22, 2005.]

Huyer, Sophia. 2003. Gender, ICTs and Education. http://www.wigsat.org/wst.html. [Accessed March 22, 2005.]

__________ and Swasti Mitter. 2003. Poverty Reduction, Gender Equality and the Knowledge Society: Digital Exclusion or Digital Opportunity? Gender Advisory Board, UNCSTD. http://gab.wigsat.org/policy.htm. [Accessed May 9, 2005].

Ilavarasan, P. Vigneswara. 2004. Is Information Technology Workplace Equal for Women? Some observations from Indian Software Industry. http://www.gdnet.org/fulltext/ilavarasan.pdf. [Accessed January 10, 2005.]

infoDev. 2003. Case Studies. CD-ROM.

International Women’s Tribune Center. Women's GlobalNet. 2001. Training And Resources For Women And Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). http://www.iwtc.org/181.html [Accessed 17 March 2005].

International Telecommunication Union. 2003. ICT for all: Empowering People to Cross the Digital Divide, http://www.ictdevagenda.org/frame.php?dir=07&sd=10&id=187 [Accessed 12 March 2005].

Johnson, Kelby S. 2003. Strategic Thinking: Telecenters and the Gender Dimension: An Examination of How Engendered Telecenters are Diffused in Africa. M.A. Thesis, Georgetown University. http://cct.georgetown.edu/thesis/KelbyJohnson.pdf.

Jorge, Sonia N. 2000. Gender Perspectives on Telecenters, Paper presented to ITU Telecom Americas 2000 Telecom Development Symposium. http://www.siyanda.org/docs/jorge_telecenters.pdf [Accessed 24 March 2005].

Jorge, Sonia. 2002. The Economics of ICT: challenges and Practical Strategies of ICT Use for Women’s Economic Empowerment. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/ict2002/reports/Paper%20by%20Sonia%20Jorge.pdf [Accessed 22 March 2005].

Jorge, Sonia, 2002a. Telecentres for Universal Access: Engendered Policy Options, Women in Action, No. 2, ISIS International.

Jorge, Sonia. 2005. Email message to Nancy Hafkin, 30 March 2005.

Joshi, Ila. 2005. Highways Towards Empowering Women. http://www.orbicom.uqam.ca/in_focus/columns/en/ [Accessed 15 March 2005].

Kabeer, Naila. 2003. Gender mainstreaming in poverty eradication and the Millennium Development Goals. London: The Commonwealth Secretariat, the International Development Research Centre, and the Canadian International Development Agency.

Kanwar, Asha S. and Margaret Taplin, ed. 2001. Brave New Women of Asia: How Distance Education Changed Their Lives. Commonwealth of Learnin. www.col.org/resources/publications/BraveNew.pdf. [Accessed March 28, 2005.]

Kee, Jac. S. M. 2005. Cultivating Violence through Technology? Exploring the Connections between Internet Communication Technologies and Violence Against Women.

Keim, T. 2000. “Cyberstalk Charge Looms”, Courier Mail, 27 April.

Kennedy, Tracy, Barry Wellman, Kristine Klement, 2003. Gendering the Digital Divide, IT and Society, I, 5, 72-96. http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i05/v01i05a05.pdf; also http://www.netwomen.ca/research/v01i05a09.pdf. [Accessed 16 March 2005].

Kvasny, Lynette and Eileen M. Trauth. 2002. The Digital Divide at Work and Home: The Discourse about Power and Underrepresented Groups in the Information Society. Paper presented to IFIP Working Group 8.2 Conference on Global and Organizational Discourse about Information Technology, Barcelona Spain, 12-14 December 2002. is.lse.ac.uk/Support/ifip_wg82/barcelona/kvasny.pdf. [Accessed 1 March 2005].

Kiplang’at, Joseph, Bringing agricultural information to rural women via ICTs in South Africa. Paper presented at AITEC conference on Women and ICT: Challenges and Opportunities on the Road to Tunis 2005, 20 – 22 October 2004.

Korea Internet Information Center, 2001. Monthly Report of Internet Statistics (2001.12), www.nic.or.kr/www/english/.

Kyungsook, Lee. 2003. ICT for Women: Opportunities and Challenges. www.globalknowledge.org/gkps_portal/view_file.cfm?fileid=1104. [Accessed 14 March 2005].

Latchem, Colin and David Walker, eds. Telecenters: Case Studies and Key Issues. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/telecentres/chapter%2010.pdf. [Accessed 17 March 2004]

Lee, Kyung Hee and Charles B. Hatcher, 2000. Willingness to pay for information: an analyst’s guide. http://www.arches.uga.edu/~tulturi/research/wtp.lee_hatcher.pdf.

LinuxChix. 2004. Linuxchix Africa Launches An Organization That Will Position African Women Within The Free And Open Source (Foss) Movement. www.linuschix.org [Accessed 15 March 2005].

Lloyd-Laney, Megan, Andrew Scott, Heather Mackay and Rona Wilkinson. ‘Making knowledge networks work for the poor: final report’. Intermediate Technology Consultants (ITC), March 2003.

Look@world Foundation. 2004. Internet Training Project Report. (Koolitusprojekti kokkuvote). [Estonia]. http://www.Vaatamaailma.Ee/Pls/Vm/Docs/Folder/Vaata_Maailma2/Dokumendid/Projektid/Lw_Training_Project_Report.Pdf [Accessed 29 March 2005].

Lynn, Regina. 2005. Tech Does It Better. Wired.com. 11 February. http://wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,66565-2,00.html?tw=wn_story_page_next1. [Accessed February 11, 2005.]

Republique de Madagascar Ministere des Telecommunicaitons, des Postes et de la Communication. 2004. Politique Nationale des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour le Developpement.

Maharaj, G. 1999, Chilling Cyberstalking Case Illustrates New Breed of Crime. Los Angeles Times. 23 January.

Maindiratta, Y.A. and Renu Maindiratta. 2004. ICT for Development: Does culture play a role? http://www.i4donline.net/issue/may04/culture_play.htm. [Accessed 16 March 2005].

Making Waves- Stories of Participatory Communication for Social Change. NUTZIJ, 1998. http://www.comminit.com/strategicthinking/pdsmakingwaves/sld-1898.html

Makunike-Sibanda, Jennifer. 2001. Improving Access To Rural Radio ‘By Hard-To-Reach’ Women Audiences. Paper presented at FAO International Workshop on Farm Radio Broadcasting. Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) Servicing Farm Radio:
New Contents, New Partnerships. http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/003/x6721e/x6721e15.htm.

Mar Gadio,Coumba. 2001. Exploring the Gender Impacts of WorldLinks In Some Selected Participating African Countries: a Qualitative Approach. http://world-links.org/english/assets/gender_study_v2.pdf. [Accessed 23 February 2005.]

Marcelle, Gillian, 2000. “Getting Gender into African ICT Policy: A Strategic View,” in Eva Rathgeber and Edith Ofwona Adera, Gender and the Information Revolution in Africa, Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.

Maren Landschulze. 2005. The Internet as information and communication medium for environment, agriculture and rural development in the Dominican Republic - on the example of the community of El Limón de Ocoa. http://www.digitalopportunity.org/external/?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffunredes.org%2Folistica%2Fdocumentos%2Fellimon%2Fresults.rtf. [Accessed January 11, 2005.]

Maren Landschulze. 2002. Relevant content. 13 September. ictnet@un-instraw.org. [Accessed December 12, 2002.]

Melymuk, Kathleen. 2001. Women in Tech Restless Over Industry's Demands. WeNews. April 10. http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm?aid=512. [Accessed January 29, 2005.]

Margolis, Jane and Alan Fisher. 2001. Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1999. A Study on the Status of Women Faculty in Science at MIT. http://web.mit.edu/fnl/women/women.html#Real%20progress. [Accessed June 8, 2004).

Mayanja, Meddie. 2001. The Nakaseke Multipurpose Community Telecentre in Uganda. Telecenters: Case Studies and Key Issues. In Colin Latchem and David Walker, eds. Telecenters: Case Studies and Key
Issues. Vancouver: The Commonwealth of Learning. http://www.col.org/telecentres/chapter%2010.pdf. [Accessed 17 March 2004]

McKemey, Kevin, Nigel Scott, David Souter, Thomas Afullo, Richard Kibombo, O. Sakyi-Dawson. 2003. Innovative Demand Models for Telecommunications Services. Final Technical Report. http://www.telafrica.org/pdfs/FinalReport.pdf [Accessed 13 March 2004].

Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, Michelle Adato, Lawrence Haddad, Peter Hazell. 2003. Impacts of Agricultural Research on Poverty: Findings of an Integrated Economic and Social Analysis. FCND Discussion Paper 164. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.

Melymuka, Kathleen. 2004. Women in Tech Restless Over Industry's Demands. WomensEnews. October 1. http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm?aid=512. [Accessed March 15, 2005.]
Mitter, Swasti. 2000. Teleworking and teletrade in India; Diverse perspectives and visions. Economic and Political Weekly, June 24-30, Vol. XXXV No. 26, pp 2241-2252.

Mitter, Swasti. 2002. Preface. in Ng,Cecilia(ed.). Teleworking and Development in Malaysia. UNDP(Malaysia), and Southbound, Penang, Malaysia.

Mitter, Swasti. 2003. Globalisation and ICT: Employment Opportunities for Women. Gender Advisory Board, UNCSTD. Toronto. http://gab.wigsat.org/policy.htm. [Accessed May 9, 2005].

Monyooe, Lebusa & Steve Ledwaba. 2004. Information and Communication Technologies for Women Empowerment: South Africa’s Unfinished Agenda. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning. Vol 1. No. 9. September. http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Sep_04/article01.htm. [Accessed March 22, 2005.]

Mottin-Sylla, Marie-Helene. 2002. Participation of Senegalese Civil Society in the Formulation of ICT Policies. APC Africa ICT Policy Monitor Project. http://africa.rights.apc.org. [Accessed April 1, 2005.]

Government of Mozambique. 2002. ICT Implementation Strategy. http://www.infopol.gov.mz/pdf/strg_eng.pdf.

Government of Mozambique. 2000. ICT Policy. http://www.infopol.gov.mz/simposio/politica/index.htm.

Murphy, Josette. 1997. Mainstreaming Gender in World Bank Lending. Operations Evaluation Department. Washington, D.C.: the World Bank.

Nainwal, Rahul. 2003. Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra (RLEK), Dehra Dun, India: case study summary report. http://www.oneworld.net/article/view/70348/1/?PrintableVersion=enabled. [Accessed 29 March 2005].

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